Programa de atención psicosocial y salud integral a víctimas del conflicto armado, Algeciras (Huila), Colombia, 2018 / Program of psychosocial care and integral health to victims of the armed conflict, Algeciras (Huila), Colombia, 2018

Resumen Introducción: En Colombia se estima que existen 7 675 032 víctimas del conflicto armado. Uno de los departamentos del país con mayor afectación de personas es Huila. Debido al impacto del conflicto sobre la salud, es necesario realizar la caracterización de la población para identificar las necesidades derivadas de este y orientar las intervenciones. Objetivo: Elaborar un programa de atención psicosocial y salud integral a víctimas del conflicto armado residentes en la cabecera municipal de Algeciras (Huila), Colombia. Métodos: Diseño cuantitativo cross-sectional con fase descriptiva retrospectiva. Se realizó búsqueda activa en el municipio para el reconocimiento de la población víctima del conflicto. Para el análisis se utilizó Excel 2016 y SPSS versión 24. Resultados: La prevalencia para la población víctima del conflicto armado fue del 80,0 %. El tipo de violencia al que estuvieron expuestos fue desplazamiento (51,0 %) con un periodo de afectación entre diez a veinte años (35,8 %). Según grupos de edad predominaron las edades entre los 30 a 34 años con un 11,7 %. Conclusiones: 1) La prevalencia estimada para la población víctima del conflicto armado puso de manifiesto el reto psicosocial para dar respuesta desde una pespectiva individual, familiar y comunitaria. 2) Las intervenciones planteadas estuvieron orientadas hacia la atención psicosocial y desarrollo de habilidades individuales y sociales, las cuales deben complementarse con acciones interinstitucionales e intersectoriales para el mejoramiento de los determinantes sociales de la salud.

Abstract Introduction: In Colombia it is estimated that a total of 7,675,032 victims exist due to the armed conflict. Huila is one of the departments in the country with the greatest impact on people. Due to the impact of the conflict on health, it is necessary to characterize the population in order to identify the needs derived from the conflict and to orient the interventions. Objective: To design a program of psychosocial attention and integral health to victims of the armed conflict whom are residents of Algeciras (Huila), Colombia. Methods: Quantitative-based cross-sectional with a retrospective descriptive phase. An active search was performed in the municipality to identify victims of the conflict amongst the population. Excel 2016 and SPSS version 24 were used for the analysis. Results: The prevalence of victims was 80.0 %. The type of violence experienced by victims was displacement (51.0%) with an affected period between ten to twenty years (35.8%). Regarding age groups, those aged between 30 to 34 years were predominately affected (11.7%). Conclusions: 1) The estimated prevalence of the victim population highlights the psychosocial challenge to provide an individual, family and community response. 2) The proposed practices are oriented towards psychosocial care and the development of individual and social skills, which must be complementary with inter-institutional and intersectoral actions for the improvement of social determinants of health.

Zika Virus Disease in Colombia - Preliminary Report.

BACKGROUND: Colombia began official surveillance for Zika virus disease (ZVD) in August 2015. In October 2015, an outbreak of ZVD was declared after laboratory-confirmed disease was identified in nine patients. METHODS: Using the national population-based surveillance system, we assessed patients with clinical symptoms of ZVD from August 9, 2015, to April 2, 2016. Laboratory test results and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for a subgroup of pregnant women. Concurrently, we investigated reports of microcephaly for evidence of congenital ZVD. RESULTS: By April 2, 2016, there were 65,726 cases of ZVD reported in Colombia, of which 2485 (4%) were confirmed by means of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The overall reported incidence of ZVD among female patients was twice that in male patients. A total of 11,944 pregnant women with ZVD were reported in Colombia, with 1484 (12%) of these cases confirmed on RT-PCR assay. In a subgroup of 1850 pregnant women, more than 90% of women who were reportedly infected during the third trimester had given birth, and no infants with apparent abnormalities, including microcephaly, have been identified. A majority of the women who contracted ZVD in the first or second trimester were still pregnant at the time of this report. Among the cases of microcephaly investigated from January 2016 through April 2016, four patients had laboratory evidence of congenital ZVD; all were born to asymptomatic mothers who were not included in the ZVD surveillance system. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary surveillance data in Colombia suggest that maternal infection with the Zika virus during the third trimester of pregnancy is not linked to structural abnormalities in the fetus. However, the monitoring of the effect of ZVD on pregnant women in Colombia is ongoing. (Funded by Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).

Factores de riesgo en la transmisión de la hepatitis B en la Amazonía Colombiana / Risk factors in hepatitis B transmission in Colombian Amazonia region

En un internado indígena de San Rafael del Caraparaná, en la región amazónica colombiana, se lleva a cabo un programa de control de la hepatitis fulminante por intermedio del Instituto Nacional de Salud, (INS) y el Servicio de Salud del Amazonas. Se aplicó una encuesta de riesgo a 198 niños en edades comprendidas entre 8 y 15 años, quienes mostraban una prevalencia de infección del 61 por ciento. Los factores de riesgo ligados a la infección por VHB en nuestro estudio fueron: contacto con un familiar ictérico (OR=3.1) y antecedente familiar de piodermitis (OR=2.22). Nuestros hallazgos amplían los conocimientos sobre mecanismos de transmisión del virus de la hepatitis B en Colombia